NAIROBI - Unchecked climate change could drive up to 72 per cent of the
world's bird species into extinction but the world still has a chance to
limit the losses, conservation group WWF said in a report on Tuesday.
>From migratory insect-eaters to tropical honeycreepers and cold water
penguins, birds are highly sensitive to changing weather conditions and many
are already being affected badly by global warming, the new study said.
"Birds are the quintessential 'canaries in the coal mine' and are already
responding to current levels of climate change," said the report, launched
at a United Nations conference in Kenya on ways to slow warming.
"Birds now indicate that global warming has set in motion a powerful chain
of effects in ecosystems worldwide," WWF said.
"Robust evidence demonstrates that climate change is affecting birds'
behaviour -- with some migratory birds even failing to migrate at all."
In the future, it said, unchecked warming could put large numbers of species
at risk, with estimates of extinction rates as high as 72 per cent,
"depending on the region, climate scenario and potential for birds to shift
to new habitats".
It said the "more extreme scenarios" of extinctions could be prevented if
tough climate protection targets were enforced and greenhouse gas emissions
cut to keep global warming increases to less than 2 degrees C (1.6 F) above
pre-industrial levels.
Already in decline in Europe and the United States, many migratory birds
were now missing out on vital food stocks that are appearing earlier and
earlier due to global warming, widely blamed by scientists on emissions from
burning fossil fuels.
In Canada's northern Hudson Bay, the report said, mosquitoes were hatching
and reaching peak numbers earlier in the spring, but seabirds breeding there
had not adjusted their behaviour.
In the Netherlands, it added, a similar mismatch had led to the decline of
up to 90 per cent in some populations of pied flycatchers over the last two
decades.
"NOWHERE TO GO"
Predicted rising temperatures could see Europe's Mediterranean coastal
wetlands -- critical habitats for migratory birds -- completely destroyed by
the 2080s, it said.
Rising temperatures were also seen having disastrous impacts on
non-migratory species, as their habitat ranges shifted.
"Many centres of species richness for birds are currently located in
protected areas, from which birds may be forced by climatic changes into
unprotected zones," the report said.
"Island and mountain birds may simply have nowhere to go."
In the US, unabated warming was seen cutting bird species by nearly a third
in the eastern Midwest and Great Lakes, while almost three-quarters of
rainforest birds in Australia's northeastern Wet Tropics were at risk of
being wiped out.
"In Europe, the endangered Spanish imperial eagle, currently found mainly in
natural reserves and parks, is expected to lose its entire current range,"
WWF's report said.
Also at high risk were eight species of brightly coloured Hawaiian
honeycreeper, Galapagos Islands penguins and the Scottish capercaillie --
the world's biggest grouse -- which WWF said could lose 99 per cent of its
habitat because of warming.
Story by Daniel Wallis
REUTERS NEWS SERVICE
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