Thanks for the reply. I had trouble resizing the partitions using command line
tools, but I was able to use the GUI 'gparted' tool to resize the jfs partition
to take up more of the free space, but still leaving 20% or so free for bad
sectors. I used 'dd' to write the allocated memory (~80% of total) to the card.
It appears to boot and run okay now with no errors on the cloning operation.
--- In "William C. Landolina" <> wrote:
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: On
> > Behalf Of a98z3
> > Sent: Monday, December 07, 2009 9:27 PM
> > To:
> > Subject: [ts-7000] Re: How to clone contents of flash memory
> >
> > I decided to ask Technologic Solutions also, and received this answer
> > to my question (haven't tried it yet but it makes sense):
> >
> > The issue here is that there is no standard actual size for a "2GB" SD
> > card. Each model of card sets some blocks in reserve and supplies less
> > than 2GB for storage. If your source card is larger than the card you
> > are copying to, this will happen. The recommended solution is to
> > create
> > an image that is a little smaller, leaving a cushion, (1.8 GB is safe)
> > and create other cards from that. To create such an image, you will
> > want to partition your card so that some blocks at the end are not
> > used,
> > create a dd image of that card, and then truncate it intelligently.
>
> This is a problem with both SD and CompactFlash cards - I've been buying both
> in bulk from "white box" suppliers and often find that the actual size of the
> memory is 10-15% smaller than expected. This is one of the reasons that my
> generic 1G SD cards cost less than $5 and name brand vendors have quoted
> $15-$25 for the "same size" card.
>
> I don't think this is so much about "no standard size" for 2G - it is a
> matter that consumers generally don't care about the exact size of a memory
> card and the manufacturers need some place to put their chips with a lot of
> bad sectors. The "name brand" memory card vendors spec sheets list exactly
> how big the memory is and guarantee that. 100 generic 1G SD cards from the
> same shipment from the same "white box" vendor may have 100 slightly
> different capacities.
>
> In production I'm formatting the cards for 80% of their official size with
> good success - whatever is left is in an unused partition.
>
> Good luck,
> Bill.
>
> >
> > --- In "Steve Drake" <98z3@> wrote:
> > >
> > > I have been using the 'dd' method of cloning cards as suggested by
> > Pierre
> > > in his previous message, quoted below. It has worked a few times but
> > has not
> > > been a reliable method so far. I am running Ubuntu 9.04 on my
> > develpment PC
> > > where I am trying to do the card imaging.
> > >
> > > The source and destination SD cards are both 2GB in size.
> > >
> > > I create the image like this:
> > >
> > > $ sudo dd if=/dev/sde of=2gb-v1.07a2-image.dd
> > > 3962880+0 records in
> > > 3962880+0 records out
> > > 2028994560 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 1964.36 s, 1.0 MB/s
> > >
> > > I frequently (>50%) get an error when I try to write the image to an
> > SD
> > > card:
> > >
> > > $ sudo dd if=2gb-v1.07a2-image.dd of=/dev/sde
> > > dd: writing to `/dev/sde': No space left on device
> > > 3948545+0 records in
> > > 3948544+0 records out
> > > 2021654528 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 5293.45 s, 382 kB/s
> > >
> > > I also tried writing the image to the SD card with pcopy, and got
> > similar
> > > results:
> > >
> > > $ sudo pcopy 2gb-v1.07a1-image.dd /dev/sde
> > > Copying from 2gb-v1.07a1-image.dd to /dev/sde (start in 3
> > seconds)...
> > > Copied: 1927 MB (1 MB/sec) -
> > > pcopy: /dev/sde: Error: Write of 1048576 bytes failed at
> > 2021654528: No
> > > space left on device
> > >
> > > Note that it runs a long time before it fails (an hour or two on my
> > USB 1.0
> > > PC).
> > >
> > > How can there not be enough space on the destination drive? Is it
> > common for
> > > SD cards to have bad blocks and would that be causing my trouble?
> > >
> > > I (also) tried making sure any/all partitions were deleted first from
> > the
> > > target SD card with fdisk before starting the write operation to the
> > SD
> > > card.
> > > That didn't help.
> > >
> > > I tried again to write the image to the card, with the 'direct' flag
> > this
> > > time:
> > > $ sudo dd if=2gb-v1.07a2-image.dd of=/dev/sde oflag=direct
> > >
> > > But I lost patience after about 3 hours and aborted the command (and
> > saw
> > > that
> > > it reported that it was only about 1/2 way done).
> > >
> > > In many dd command examples that I've looked at, the
> > conv=notrunc,noerror
> > > options are used. According to 'man' this tells dd to not truncate
> > the
> > > output
> > > file and not to stop on errors. But I don't know exactly what that
> > means. So
> > > I decided to give it a try, but still got an error:
> > > $ sudo dd if=2gb-v1.07a2-image.dd of=/dev/sde conv=notrunc,noerror
> > > dd: writing to `/dev/sde': No space left on device
> > > 3948545+0 records in
> > > 3948544+0 records out
> > > 2021654528 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 5129.66 s, 394 kB/s
> > >
> > > Now, even though I get errors, sometimes the SD card seems to boot
> > and run
> > > okay in the TS-7350, but I am not sure I trust it. I've had cases
> > where it
> > > did not boot/run okay.
> > >
> > > I just ran the same command on another SD card that is the same brand
> > (PNY)
> > > and size (2GB), and this time no errors:
> > >
> > > $ sudo dd if=2gb-v1.07a2-image.dd of=/dev/sde conv=notrunc,noerror
> > > 3962880+0 records in
> > > 3962880+0 records out
> > > 2028994560 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 5082.2 s, 399 kB/s
> > >
> > > What's going on? I'm running out of ideas so I am posting this to the
> > forum,
> > > hoping someone has a suggestion. Thanks!
> > >
> > > Steve
> > >
> > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > --
> > > > 4b. Re: How to clone contents of flash memory
> > > > Posted by: "pierrot lafouine" pierrotlafouine@
> > > > pierrotlafouine
> > > > Sat Nov 7, 2009 3:11 pm (PST)
> > > >
> > > > Take the FLASh out of the TS and put it on a SD card reader on your
> > Linux
> > > > PC.
> > > > In console write commands :
> > > > dmesg | tail
> > > >
> > > > You should see someting like this :
> > > > [188307.934633] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write
> > through
> > > > [188307.935617] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] 3842048 512-byte hardware sectors
> > (1967
> > > > MB)
> > > > [188307.936240] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
> > > > [188307.936242] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 4b 00 00 08
> > > > [188307.936244] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write
> > through
> > > > [188307.936247] sdb: sdb1 sdb2
> > > > In this specific case SD card reader is mounted on sdb (see [sdb])
> > > >
> > > > Then copy your flash to a file :
> > > > dd if=/dev/sdb of=/yourpath/yourfilename.dd
> > > >
> > > > To copy yourfilename.dd to new flash (must be same size):
> > > > dd if=/yourpath/yourfilename.dd of=/dev/sdb
> > > >
> > > > Just be careful with syntax and with dd commands, you can make big
> > mess.
> > > > Cheers!
> > > >
> > > > Pierre
> > > >
> > > > > -----------------------------------------------------------------
> > ----
> > > > > To:
> > > > > From: AchimRS@
> > > > > Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2009 22:48:54 +0000
> > > > > Subject: [ts-7000] Re: How to clone contents of flash memory
> > > > >
> > > > > Ok, this posting appeared a long time ago, but it looks like
> > nobody
> > > > > answered
> > > > > it so far.
> > > > >
> > > > > I have the same problem: One TS-7800 was set up with a lot of
> > effort,
> > > > > and now
> > > > > I want to copy the whole flash memory to ten more TS-7800's as
> > simple
> > > > > and
> > > > > less error prone as possible.
> > > > >
> > > > > Maybe via the SD-card or an USB-stick or even via SSH, I don't
> > care, but
> > > > > what
> > > > > is the way to create several clones of one embeddedARM?
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks a lot
> > > > >
> > > > > Achim
> > > > >
> > > > > -----------------------------------------------------------------
> > ----
> > > > > --- In Janne Mäntyharju
> > <janne.mantyharju@>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Is it possible to make image of whole flash memory contents
> > using
> > > > > > redboot (kernel + root image)? How to write image back to new
> > device?
> > > > > > I have one prototype of device using TS-7250 ready and I'm
> > searching
> > > > > > for
> > > > > > easiest way to clone contents of it.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Thanks for reply!
> > > > > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
>
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