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Trip report: Barren Grounds NR & Budderoo NP

To: "" <>
Subject: Trip report: Barren Grounds NR & Budderoo NP
From: Tim Dolby <>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2015 03:32:41 +0000
Hi all,

I've just written up a trip report for Barren Grounds and a few other reserves 
nearby. Any feedback welcomed, and any corrections can easily updated, so also 
welcomed. To see the report with images, have look on my trip report website at 
http://tim-dolby.blogspot.com.au. Hope you like it.

Cheers,

Tim Dolby

BARREN GROUNDS NATURE RESERVE
If you're visiting Wollongong or Nowra, or birdwatching around Jervis Bay and 
Booderee National Park, it's essential to check out Barren Grounds Nature 
Reserve and Budderoo National Park. I've been there a few times, most recently 
in February 2015, dropping into the reserve after twitching the White-rumped 
Sandpiper, a vagrant American wader that somehow turned Lake Wollumboola.

Approximately 2000 ha, Barren Grounds was originally gazetted a fauna reserve 
in 1956 to protect the habitat of the endangered Eastern Bristlebird and 
Eastern Ground Parrot. In 1967, it formally became Barren Grounds Nature 
Reserve; while in 2009 it was declared an Important Birds Area by Birdlife 
International. It's also one of only four large areas of heathland on the NSW 
south-coast, the others being Royal National Park, Jervis Bay National Park and 
Nadgee Nature Reserve. It was once managed under lease by the RAOU (Birdlife 
Australia) and had an operating bird observatory that consisted of a visitor 
information centre, wardens house and accommodation.

Barren Grounds sits on the south-easterly spur of the Illawarra Range, and is 
almost completely encircled by rocky cliffs at the top of Jamberoo Pass. 
Testament to this, just after World War 11, a flying fox (a suspended 
cable-and-pulley system) located at the end of the Flying Fox Pass walk was 
used to transport timber from the valley below up the escarpment to the 
entrance of the reserve. At the time, it was easier to do this than drive up 
and down the extremely steep slopes to the reserve.

Barren Grounds habitat-type is formally classified as a 'hanging swamp 
plateau'. This is because 1) it contains large areas of heath and swamp in an 
elevated position, being approximately 600 m above sea level, and 2) it has 
high levels of rainfall. The weather at Barren Grounds is unpredictable, to say 
the least. Typically, when visiting, the whole plateau is often shrouded in 
swirling mists with drizzle. The roadside advice given when driving up the 
escarpment to the reserve is to turn on your headlights, even during the day. 
Despite this, in fact because of this, it's a wonderful place. This is because 
you can see some rare birds with relative ease. It's a time capsule, like Conan 
Doyle's Lost World, a hanging garden on top of an ancient escarpment!

Getting There & Camping Options
The entrance to Barren Grounds is 19 km west of Kiama off the Jamberoo Mountain 
Rd. Facilities are basic, there's a picnic shelter, toilet and barbecues.

Being a nature reserve there's no camping allowed in Barren Grounds. However 
walk in / bush camping is permitted nearby in Budderoo National Park and 
Macquarie Pass National Park If you do plan to bush camp, probably the best 
spot is along the Budderoo Track, driving down about 500 m or so - perhaps 
camping just after the gate. There are formal camping areas nearby in Morton 
National Park, Seven Mile Beach National Park, the Bendeela area in Kangaroo 
Valley, Carrington Falls Reserve and there's a number of privately operated 
camping areas.
Barren Grounds Unique Habitat

The flora of the Barren Grounds heathlands has an unmistakable Gondwandan 
heritage, with virtually every common species belonging to southern-hemisphere 
families and orders. Australian heathlands are amongst the richest in plant 
species in the world. For instance, 500 species of plant have been recorded in 
the reserve.

It sits on an exposed coastal sandstone plateau with shallow and moderately 
damp sandy soils. These soils are low in nutrients, particularly those vital 
for plant growth, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. The 
unproductiveness of the soils has largely protected the heath from agricultural 
development. However, far from being barren - as the name suggests - it is a 
spectacular environment!  Its biodiversity is testament to Australian native 
plants adaptability to poor soils. Plants we have all come to love, such as the 
nectar-rich Heath Banksia (Banksia ericifolia) or the beautiful Christmas Bell 
(Blandfordia nobilis). Our native wildlife also loves them, the birds, mammals 
and insects. As birdwatchers and natural historians we really appreciate that.

Hanging swamp plateaus is a habitat unique to New South Wales. Furthermore, it 
is a fragile landscape with some of Australia’s most distinctive and 
inspirational coastal and mountain scenery. In such a habitat, fire is an 
important component of the environment, significantly influencing vegetation 
patterns. Discussed below, fire is particularly important for the ongoing 
survival of species such as the Eastern Ground Parrot.

Trees
>From what I can see, the main trees around the reserve are Red Bloodwood 
>(Corymbia gummifera), Silver-top Ash (Eucalyptus sieberi), Heart-leaved 
>Stringybark (E. camfieldii), Yellow-top Ash (E. luehmanniana), Sydney Blue Gum 
>(E. saligna) and Port Jackson Mallee (E. obstans). That's a nice selection 
>gums.

Smaller trees include Dwarf Apple (Angophora hispida), Scrub Sheoak 
(Allocasuarina distyla), Stiff-leaf Wattle (Acacia obtusifolia), Coast Wattle 
(A. longifolia), Finger Hakea (Hakea dactyloides), Dagger Hakea (H. 
teretifolia), Scented Paperbark (Melaleuca squarrosa) and tea-trees such 
Flaky-barked Tea Tree (Leptospermum trinervium), Pink Tea Tree (L.squarrosum) 
and Round Leaf Tea Tree (L. rotundifolium).

Significantly there's a wonderful variety of Banksia, including Heath Banksia 
(Banksia ericifolia), Old Man Manksia (B. serrata) and Dwarf Banksia (B. 
oblongifolia) and Swamp Banksia (B. paludosa). These are all an important food 
source for honeyeaters such as the Tawny-crowed Honeyeater, and possums such as 
the Eastern Pygmy Possum.

There is also a couple of Grasstree, Spear Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoea resinifera) 
and Grass Tree (X. resinosa), both used as nest sites for birds such as Golden 
Whistler and Grey Shrike-thrush.

Shrubs & Flowers
Ah the heath. A jewel in any birders crown! Heath being heath, there are 
spectacular shrubs and flowers, particularly in spring, when the wildflowers 
burst with colour. Some for the most spectacular and best known are the 
Mountain Devil (Lambertia formosa), Broad-leafed Drumstick (Isopogon 
anemonifolius), Native Fuchsia (Epacris longiflora), Common Fringe-lily 
(Thysanotus tuberosus) and, of course, the wonderful Christmas Bells 
(Blandfordia nobilis).

But these are only part of the story, with the variety and beauty continuing. 
Others include Egg and Bacon Pea (Dillwynia floribunda), another Egg and Bacon 
Pea (D. retorta), Wreath Bush Pea (Pultenaea tuberculata), Dwarfed Darwinia 
(Darwinia diminuta), Coral Heath (Epacris microphylla), Blunt-leaf Heath (E. 
obtusifolia), Red Spider Flower (Grevillea oleoides), Green Spider Flower (G. 
sphacelata),  Small-leaved White Beard (Leucopogon microphyllus), Lance-leaved 
Geebung (Persoonia lanceolata), Coneseed (Conospermum taxifolium), Lesser 
Flannel Flower (Actinotus minor), Wallum Dampiera (Dampiera stricta), Wallum 
Goodenia (Goodenia stelligera), Fairy Aprons (Utricularia dichotom) and Austral 
Ladies Tresses (Spiranthes sinensis). Now that is a diverse list.

All these flowering plants produce copious amounts of pollen and nectar that 
attract a diverse array of nectar-feeding birds, which also feed on insects 
drawn in by the abundance of wildflowers. Like most heathland areas, a good 
time for birding is the early morning when there is plenty of nectar on the 
heath.

Rushes, Sedges, Grasses, Ferns and Sundews
Native rushes, grasses and sedges include Sheath Rush (Cyathochaeta diandra), 
Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Common Rapier-sedge (Lepidosperma filiforme), 
Stiff Rapier-sedge (L. neesii), Slender Twine Rush (Leptocarpus tenax), 
Ptilothrix (Ptilothrix deusta) and, of course, Button Grass (Gymnoshoenus 
sphaerocephalus), which has a preference for wetter areas. All good food for 
birds such as Eastern Ground Parrot and Beautiful Firetail.

Pouched Coral Fern (Gleichenia dicarpa) is common in the reserve. In places, 
such as along the sides of the walking tracks, it is the dominated ground 
cover. Here it forms tangled thickets, good habitat for Eastern Bristlebird. 
Its tangled roots are also important for the prevention of erosion along the 
reserves tracks. Pouched Coral Fern is considered a 'pioneer species'. These 
are hardy species that first colonize previously disrupted or damaged 
ecosystems, a process that begins the chain of ecological succession that leads 
to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem. So, obviously, Pouched Coral Fern 
is a very an important plant at Barren Grounds.

Sundews, such as Shield Sundew (Drosera peltata) and the intriguing Forked 
Sundew (Drosera binata), do what Sundew do - trap and eat insects for extra 
nutrients. Forked Sundew is known for its ability to become a large 
insect-catching "bush".

Barren Grounds Birds and Where to See Them
With around 180 different species of birds, Barren Grounds was declared a 
special reserve because of the presence of two endangered species, the Eastern 
Bristlebird and Eastern Ground Parrot. It's also particularly good for seeing 
other heathland specialists such as Beautiful Firetail, Southern Emu-wren and 
Tawny-crowned Honeyeater. While more generalist birds in the reserve include 
Superb Lyrebird, Pilotbird, Rock Warbler, Brown Cuckoo-Dove, Topknot Pigeon, 
Black-faced Monarch, Eastern Whipbird, Painted Button-quail, Brown Quail, 
Bassian Thrush, Red-browed Treecreeper, Variegated Fairy-wren, Large-billed and 
Yellow-throated Scrubwren.

Fourteen species of honeyeaters have been recorded including Crescent, Lewin's, 
Fuscous, White-cheeked, Scarlet and White-eared Honeyeater. It's also good for 
parrots and cockatoo: these include Gang-gang Cockatoo, Yellow-tailed 
Black-Cockatoo, Galah, Rainbow Lorikeet, Australian King Parrot, Crimson and 
Eastern Rosella, Turquiose Parrot (uncommon) and, of course, Eastern Ground 
Parrot.

Interesting raptors to look out for include Peregrine Falcon, Grey Goshawk, 
Collared Sparrowhawk, Wedge-tailed Eagle and there's a chance of Pacific Baza - 
near the southern most distribution for this species. While nightbirds include 
Powerful Owl, Southern Boobook and Eastern Barn Owl. There's also a chance of 
seeing uncommon species such as Lewin's Rail, Chestnut-rumped Heathwren, 
Australian Logrunner (in rainforest areas) and Turquoise Parrot.

Park Entrance
Immediately after entering the reserve, there is a house on your right. Stop 
just before here and check the forest on your left and look out for Pilotbird 
(listen for their penetrating call), Beautiful Firetail and, occasionally, 
Lewin’s Rail, also occur here, especially early in the morning.

Griffith Trail
The best bird walk in the reserve is undoubtedly the Griffiths Trail, an 8 km 
loop that begins at the picnic ground. It's the main walk in the reserve, with 
a couple of tributaries. Being a loop, you can start your walk at either end. I 
started at the western end. Here it heads out to a natural stone bridge, and 
then loops back to the picnic area via Saddleback Trig. The Griffiths Trail 
traverses through a range of vegetation communities, including heath and some 
nice tall eucalyptus forests.

Eastern Bristlebird, Eastern Ground Parrot, Southern Emu-wren, Beautiful 
Firetail and Tawny and White-eared Honeyeater inhabit the heath along the 
western branch of the Griffith Trail, particularly the section between the car 
park and natural stone bridge.

A good spot to look for Eastern Bristlebird is immediately after you pass the 
old bird observatory and the Service Track (mentioned below), particularly in 
the next 200 m or so. When I visited in February 2015, there were two pairs 
close to each other in the scrub on the left / east side of the trail. This 
section of trail (and this time of year) must surely be the best place in 
Australia to see this normally elusive species.

Eastern Bristlebird are predominantly a ground-feeding insectivore. Like 
fantails and flycatchers, they use their bristles to assist them in catching 
insects, hence the name. They like to utilize the ecotone between tall dense 
heath that borders the Griffith Trail and the adjacent woodland. So look for 
them scurrying on the ground, or just above it. To find them, listen for their 
high-pitched melodious call (onomatopoeically described Graham Pizzy as a 
silvery sweet bijou). Outside of breeding season you more like to hear their 
sharp alarm zeet zeet call, which I reckon sounds somewhat similar to the alarm 
call given by New Holland Honeyeater. It was mostly raining when I was there. 
However this was fortunate, as the birds came out to drink, and hunt for 
insects, in the puddles along the Griffith Track.

To me, it seems so strange that at Howe Flat and Nadgee Eastern Bristlebird are 
so elusive, so hard to see. However, at Barren Grounds, they run across tracks 
and drink from puddles out in the open. For instance, after several hours of 
birding along the Griffith Trail, I had seen at least eight different birds, 
all with some ease. In fact, at one spot I asked a bird if he could please give 
me a better views. To which, he replied "yes". Or at least that's what I 
thought he said. He certainly jumped out into the open and said "hi" or, being 
slightly anthropomorphic, perhaps he was telling me "bugger off". Whatever the 
case, late February is clearly a good time to see them. It's after the breeding 
seasons, they have lost their sense of territoriality, and there is a whole 
bunch of young birds running around wanting to impress.

Despite this, research by people such as Jack Baker (a former Vice President of 
Birdlife Australia), has shown that population densities of Eastern Bristlebird 
are low compared to those of other heathland birds. At Barren Grounds, there's 
a maximum densities of about 4 birds per 10 hectares. With a total world 
population of less than 2500 birds, it's estimated that approximately 600 live 
at Barren Grounds and the adjacent Budderoo National Park (discussed below).

Eastern Bristlebird were once distributed in discrete pockets from the 
Conondale Ranges in south-east Queensland along the coast and adjacent ranges 
to Marlo in eastern Victoria. Only a few remaining populations are known. Two 
near Brisbane, several near Wollongong and two adjacent to the NSW-Victoria 
border at Cape Howe (at Nadgee Nature Reserve and Howe Flat).

Around Wollongong - aside from Eastern Bristlebird being present at Barren 
Grounds and  Budderoo - they have been records at Fitzroy Falls and the Upper 
Kangaroo Valley (15 km w of Barren Ground), and at Red Rocks and Cambewarra 
Range Nature Reserves (5 km s-e) (where there's also a small population of 
Brush-tailed Rock-Wallaby). The good news about this is that it tells us that 
there is some dispersion of Eastern Bristlebird through suitable corridor 
habitat.

Continuing along the Griffith Trail, another good spot for Eastern Bristlebird 
is where the Cooks Nose Lookout Walk branches west from the Griffith Trail. It 
is approximately 1.5 km from the car park. This is also a good spot for 
Beautiful Firetail, which tend to feed on the grasses growing on the side of 
the track and will often allow you to approach within about 5 m. I also saw 
several Brown Quail here.

Half way along the Griffith Trail loop, you come to a natural Stone Bridge that 
crosses Lamonds Creek. It is approximately 2 km from the car park. This is an 
interesting place, with the water flows immediately under the rocks. Eastern 
Bristlebird inhabit the scrub around the bridge, for instance I saw an Eastern 
Bristlebird in the shrubs immediately behind the Stone Bridge sign. The 
woodlands section beyond the Stone Bridge is probably the most reliable place 
for see Chestnut-rumped Heathwren. With a similar habitat preference to Eastern 
Bristlebird, they like the ecotone edge of forest and woodland clearings.

Around the Stone Bridge, in the forested section along the walk, is probably 
the best place for forest birds such as Superb Lyrebird, Brush Bronzewing, 
Brown Cuckoo-Dove, Gang-Gang Cockatoo, Fan-tailed Cuckoo, Satin Bowerbird, 
Eastern Whipbird, Black-faced Monarch, and Leaden and Satin Flycatcher, 
although many use more than one habitat within the reserve. So, as usual, 
always keep your eyes and ears open. Nightbirds such as Southern Boobook and 
Powerful Owl use the forests to hunt, while Eastern Barn Owl tend to hawk over 
the heathland.

Towards the eastern end of the Griffith Trail, the Illawarra Lookout provides 
superb views of the Illawarra coast and hinterland (remembering you can always 
start the Griffith Trail from the eastern end). The forest around the lookout 
is a good spot for Pilotbird. While the heath and woodlands between the lookout 
and picnic ground is another reliable spot for Eastern Bristlebird.

Service Track
At the beginning of the western section of the Griffith Trail, near the old 
bird observatory, there is a fire trail - it is sign-posted 'Service Track 
only'. This trail leads west down to Redbank Gully Creek, and is approximately 
1 km return. The low-lying heath along this trail is good for Eastern Ground 
Parrot; listen at dawn and dusk for their distinctive resonating call.

Eastern Ground Parrot are present in reasonable numbers at Barren Ground, with 
recent surveys regularly recording between 20 to 40 parrots. Recent indicates 
fire management is particular important when dealing with populations of 
Eastern Ground Parrot. They tend to occur in heath growth 1 to 20 years post 
fire, with their population stabilizing after ten years. After about 10 years, 
in optimum habitat (like Barren Grounds) their approximate densities is about 3 
birds per 10 hectares. Typically, for their survival, it's important to have a 
mosaic of fire ages in a given region, spanning between 0-30 years.

Luck. Much of birding is just luck, and, when looking for Ground Parrot, you 
need quite a bit of luck. Luckily for me, I flushed a Eastern Ground Parrot 
from the trail about a third of the way down. Again, luckily, it re-landed on 
the track about 100 feet further down.

The Eastern Ground Parrot is clearly a highly elusive bird, with a preference 
for knee-high heath and sedgelands. Getting a decent view is always hard, with 
most my encounters simply a fleeting glimpse of the birds backside as it flies 
away. If flushed, Eastern Ground Parrot take off rapidly, fly some 2 m above 
ground level and then glide down into cover at a shallow angle.

So, luckily for me, the birds re-landed on the track and I was able to get some 
excellent views and some nice images. After seeing the bird, I meet a group of 
birders who'd not seen Ground Parrot before, despite many attempts. I explained 
where I'd seen the bird, so they rushed down to see it. When I saw them again 
kater, they explained they had dipped. Despite standing in the rain for several 
hours, and in the exact spot where I saw the bird. Luck.

Fortunately, I've seen Eastern Ground Parrot at quite a few places in 
Australia: in the heathland in Croajingolong (Vic), at Jervis Bay (NSW) near 
Strahan (Tas), and in the Great Sandy National Park (Qld). So that's every 
state that they occur in Australia. Now I can add Barren Grounds to that list. 
From here, I reckon I need to join one of the Friends of the Western Ground 
Parrot survey groups and look Western Ground Parrot in WA. Wish me luck.

Kangaroo Ridge Walk
If you have time, or the will, walk the 20 km Kangaroo Ridge Walk. It's a long 
grassy open track that travels over undulating heath country. Keep a look out 
for Eastern Ground Parrot and Brown Quail feeding on the track, and look for 
Beautiful Firetail, and Southern Emu-wren in the adjacent heath. This walk is 
probably the best in the reserve for raptors, such as Grey Goshawk, Brown 
Goshawk and Collared Sparrowhawk. Once at the edge of the Illawarra Escarpment 
the views of the Berry district are fantastic. Here, there is a chance of 
seeing Peregrine Falcon, which nests on the cliffs near here. It's worth noting 
that the Kangaroo Ridge Walk can be very wet and muddy after rain which, 
unsurprisingly, happens quite a bit at Barren Grounds.

Herbarium Walk
In spring, when the wildflowers are blooming, the Herbarium Walk - it's about a 
1.5km loop - is particularly good for honeyeaters such as Crescent, Lewin's, 
New Holland, Yellow-faced, White-cheeked and White-eared, and, occasionally, 
Fuscous and Scarlet.

Other Wildlife at Barren Grounds
Thirty species of native mammals have been recorded in Barren Grounds. Most 
occur in the woodland area, with moist forest patches. The reserves lists 
includes Common Wombat, Sugar Glider, Eastern Pygmy Possum, Common Ringtail 
Possum, Brown Antechinus, Long-nosed Bandicoot, Bush Rat, Grey-headed Flying 
Fox and, in rainforest areas, Greater Glider.  Rarer and endangered mammals 
include Spotted-tailed (Tiger) Quoll, Long-nosed Potoroo and Common Bent-wing 
Bat.

If you get a chance to do some spotlighting, the best time to see Long-nosed 
Potoroo is just after dusk. This is when they begin to feed: to find them, look 
for the broad, conical shaped digging holes, where they dig for underground 
fungus, roots, and small insects.  Also on the ground, look for Long-nosed 
Bandicoot. Superficially similar to the Long-nosed Potoroo, Long-nosed 
Bandicoot are paler in colour, have a shorter tail, and its muzzle is much 
longer.

Eastern Pygmy Possum prefer the heathland, being particularly fond of Banksia 
flowers. Sugar Glider prefer wooded areas, gliding between trees as much as 50 
feet. Listen out carefully for their soft yapping calls.

Information about reptiles and amphibians in Barren Grounds is limited when 
compared to the birds and mammals. 12 lizards have been recorded, including the 
Lace Monitor and Eastern Water Dragon, while there are 11 species of snake, 
Swamp Snake, Green Tree Snake, Red-bellied Black Snake and Copperhead, while 
Broad-headed Snake may occur. Being very swampy, frogs are well-represented, 
with 14 species including three that are threatened - the Giant Burrowing Frog, 
Giant Barred Frog and the spectacular-looking Red-crowned Toadlet. In terms of 
butterflies, when I was there, the beautiful Swordgrass Brown was common in the 
heath.

BUDDEROO NATIONAL PARK
If you don’t see Eastern Bristlebird and Ground Parrot at Barren Grounds, 
continue 3 km west along the Jamberoo Mountain Rd to the Budderoo Track in 
Budderoo National Park. Little survey work has been carried out for Eastern 
Bristlebird, but they appear to me to be more numerous in Budderoo than Barren 
Grounds, possibly because of the greater amount of woodland.

The Budderoo Track traverses excellent areas of heath, and mixed Eucalyptus and 
Banksia woodlands. A particularly spot to look is 300 m from road, where there 
is a fence-line and gate. The heath here is a little lower than at Barren 
Grounds, and consequently birds can be easier to see. Other birds to look for 
along the trail include Bassian Thrush, Southern Emu-wren, White-eared, 
Crescent and Tawny-crowned Honeyeater, Beautiful Firetail and in woodland areas 
further along the track, Gang-gang Cockatoo and Red-browed Treecreeper.

In Budderoo National Park, at the base of the escarpment, it may be worth 
visiting the Minnamurra Falls. It's a great place to see Superb Lyrebird -  
when I was there, they were foraging around the car park. There are a couple of 
walks that pass through rainforest, where birds such as Satin Bowerbird, 
Yellow-throated and Large-billed Scrubwren, Rose Robin, Bassian Thrush, Brown 
Gerygone, Lewin’s Honeyeater occur while, in summer, you might see Brown 
Cuckoo-Dove and Topknot Pigeon.

Now the bad news about Minnamurra Falls. It's worth noting that the walks are 
only opens between 9:00 am and 5:00 pm, not particularly good hours for a 
visiting birdwatcher. Pity. Indeed, the last time I visited I arrived in the 
car park at 8:45 am i.e. fifteen minutes early. One of the park rangers 
approached and asked me to leave. I politely explained that I'll just wait by 
my car, and have some breakfast, "I'm birdwatcher, I can look at the birds 
around the car park. Wow, look at that Lyrebird". The ranger then insisted I 
leave, and if I didn't he will get some other rangers and force me to leave, 
perhaps even call the police. What! This was extraordinary! Arrested for being 
15 minutes early in a national park car park. What kind of madness is this? 
After about 10 minutes of lively debate, I headed out of the car park - about 
five minutes before walks officially opened.

As I was leaving, a groups of cyclist arrived. Interested to see what would 
happen, I waited at the park entrance. Sure enough, the rangers asked them to 
leave! As they rode past me, one of them said "They're  crazy!" . Yep, 
they clearly are. What's was more confounding about this was, by the time the 
cyclist actually left, it was just after 9 am and the park walks were therefore 
open. Something is clearly going wrong with park management of the Minnamurra 
Falls! So, the moral of this story is, if visiting Minnamurra Falls, visit with 
caution. Or you might get yourself arrested for being slightly early.

BIRDING SITES NEARBY
In terms of seeing rainforest birds, and it's too early or late to visit 
Minnamurra Falls (or you just want to avoid the place), fortunately there are a 
few of good areas of rainforest relatively nearby

Cascade Rainforest Walk
The Cascade Rainforest Walk is remnant section of sub-tropical rainforest 
located in the Macquarie Pass National Park. It starts at the picnic area at 
the foot of Macquarie Pass and follows a creek for 1 km to the Cascades, where 
there is a 20 m waterfall.

The trees along the walk are fabulous. These include rainforest species such as 
 Lily Pilly (Syzygium smithii), Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens), Illawarra 
Flame Tree (Brachychiton acerifolius), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), 
Cabbage-tree Palm (Livistona australis), Giant Stinging Tree (Dendrocnide 
excelsa), Beefwood (Grevillea striata) and Small-leaved Fig (Ficus obliqua).

The area of rainforests is one of the most southerly strongholds for a number 
of birds that depend upon fruit of these rainforest tree for their diet. These 
include birds such as Green Catbird, Emerald Dove, Brown Cuckoo-Dove, Topknot 
Pigeon, White-headed Pigeon, Logrunner, Channel-billed Cuckoo, Australasian 
Figbird, Yellow-throated Scrubwren and Spectacled Monarch. Some of the other 
birds you might see along the walk include Superb Lyrebird, Olive-backed 
Oriole, Crescent and Lewin's Honeyeater, Black-faced Monarch, Leaden 
Flycatcher, Rose Robin, Large-billed Scrubwren, Bassian Thrush and Brown 
Gerygone. There are also records of Red-whiskered Bulbul. Threatened mammals in 
the park include Tiger Quoll and Long-nosed Potoroo - so it may be worth doing 
some nighttime mammal-watching.

Robertson Nature Reserve
Located near the edge of the Illawarra Escarpment, the Robertson Nature Reserve 
is a small reserve, approximately 5 hectares in size. To get there, from the 
main street of Robertson, turn south at the intersection near the hotel, cross 
the railway line, then turn left at the T-intersection. The reserve is a little 
way along on the right. Robertson Nature Reserve protects a remnant area of  
'Yarrawa Brush'. Brush, in this sense, is the name given to a forest with a 
dense understorey. Originally Yarrawa Brush covered  2500 hectares of the 
eastern part of the Highlands. Apart for isolated pockets of scrub, only this 5 
hectare portion remains of the original rainforest.

The high rainfall and heavy mists create a micro-climate particularly suited to 
birds who like cool, temperate rainforests. Despite its size, it can be very 
birdy. After a short walk along the 600 m track, I recorded Brown Cuckoo Dove, 
Wonga Pigeon, Shining Bronze-Cuckoo, Satin Bowerbird, Lewin's and Yellow-faced 
Honeyeater, Large-billed and Yellow-throated Scrubwren, Brown Gerygone, Rufous 
Fantail, Black-faced Monarch and Bassian Thrush, to name a few. If visiting at 
night, keep an eye open for Tigor Quoll, which are said to inhabit the reserve.

Aside from the birds, the reserve is worth visiting just for the plant. For 
instance, you can see a lot of trees with the word 'wood' in their name: 
Featherwood (Polyosma cunninghamii), Possumwood (Quintinia sieberi), Coachwood 
(Ceratopetalum apetalum), Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) and Pinkwood 
(Eucryphia moorei). Other trees include Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras), 
Lillypilly (Acmena Smithii), Cabbage Tree Palm (Livistona australis) and Pencil 
Cedar (Polyscias murrayi). The ground cover is a mixture of shrubs such as 
Orange Thorn (Pittosporum multiflorum) and Soft Tree Fern (Dicksonia antartica).

As can be seen by the image below, vines are a prominent feature of the Yarrawa 
Brush - clearly responsible for how it got its name. You could visit the 
reserve just to 'twitch' vines Do people do that? Here's a list of some you may 
see: Wonga Vine (Pandorea pandorana), Anchor Vine (Palmeria scandens), Common 
Milk Vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Five-leaf Water Vine (Cissus hypoglauca), Gum 
Vine (Aphanopetalum resinosum), Staff Vine (Celastrus australis) and Pearl Vine 
(Sarcopetalum harveyanum.

Fitzroy Falls
Finally, it's worth dropping into Fitzroy Falls, located in the north-eastern 
section of Morton National Park. The falls is situated where Yarrunga Creek 
plunges from a sandstone escarpment into the valley below. There's good range 
of plant communities such as rainforest, dry eucalypt forests, and plateaus of 
wet sedge and heathland. And, if you want to camp, there's a campground at 
Gambells Rest.

There are several good walks starting at Fitzroy Falls. Birds to look for along 
the East Rim Track (6.7 km return) include Pilotbird, Superb Lyrebird, 
Gang-gang Cockatoo, Topknot Pigeon, Green Catbird, Crescent Honeyeater, 
Yellow-throated Scrubwren, Varied Sittella, Crested Shrike-tit, Rose Robin, and 
Satin Bowerbird. Similar birds occur along the West Rim Track, it's about 4 km 
return. Along this walk, a steep staircase leads down to a cool ferny gully 
known as the Grotto. Rockwarbler feed along the rocky stream just before the 
Grotto. Southern Emu-wren and Beautiful Firetail occur in the heathland areas 
along the Redhill Fire Trail (7 km return). It starts near the Twin Falls 
Lookout, located on the West Rim Track. Back at the Fitzroy Falls Visitor 
Centre, Bassian Thrush occurs around the car park.

Cheers,

Tim Dolby







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