http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4174577.stm
Friday, 14 January, 2005, 13:39 GMT
Tracking reveals albatross habits
By Richard Black
BBC environment correspondent
Research by UK scientists may prove vital in protecting the albatross.
British Antarctic Survey researchers followed more than 40 grey-headed
albatrosses as they flew around the world, identifying where they fed.
All the birds which made a circumnavigation stopped for food in the
same places.
Banning harmful fishing methods from those areas of the ocean could
help halt the decline of what is one of the world's most endangered
group of birds.
They are being killed in large numbers by becoming snared on the hooks
of long-line fishing boats.
Light tags
Five years ago scientists from the British Antarctic Survey attached
tiny tags to grey-headed albatrosses as they reared chicks on the
Atlantic island of South Georgia.
They were able to follow the birds for 18 months until they returned to
South Georgia to breed again.
The tags are simple devices weighing just a few grams.
They record the timing of sunrise and sunset, enabling scientists to
work out their position on each day; researchers retrieved the tags
when the birds returned to South Georgia.
Many of the tagged albatrosses flew around the world, some more than
once, and some completing a circumnavigation in just six weeks.
Others stayed close to home, and a third group went to winter habitats
in the Indian Ocean.
"It's the first time we've managed to achieve coverage for an entire
breeding interval," the British Antarctic Survey's director of
conservation biology Dr John Croxall told BBC News.
"We were absolutely staggered to find how stable these three patterns
are. "Birds that went round the world twice went back to the same
locations, which is pretty amazing, because these are just about the
most spectacular migrations of any albatross."
More species
The reason why birds should stop off at the same places is not clear,
but the implication for conservation is.
In principle, it should be possible to protect albatrosses simply by
making sure that boats in the crucial areas use safe fishing gear.
"We hope it's the beginning of a process of dialogue with the fishing
industry," said Dr Croxall.
"We and other groups are now carrying out the same kind of research
with other species of albatross; and as one year follows the next we
can have more of these species on line."
Currently boats fishing south of a latitude of 60 degrees are obliged
to use techniques which are "albatross-safe", which can reduce the
number of birds snared by about 90%.
These techniques include using heavier weights on the fishing lines,
which make them sink faster, giving the birds less time to eat the
bait, and hanging streamers from the back of the boat which move in the
wind, scaring the birds away.
Dr Croxall believes that this sort of measure should be extended to
latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees south.
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