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Zhang, Jin-Shuo, Nai-Jian Han, Gareth Jones, Liang-Kong Lin, Jun-Peng
Zhang, Guan-Jian Zhu, Da-Wei Huang, and Shu-Yi Zhang. 2007. A new
species of Barbastella (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from north China.
Journal of Mammalogy, 88(6):1393-1403.
ABSTRACT: A new species of Barbastella is described, originally
discovered in 2001 in Beijing, northern China. The description of the
new species is based on both morphological and molecular data. The
morphology of the skull and ears of the new bat is more similar to that
of the Egyptian barbastelle (B. leucomelas) and B. barbastellus
distributed in Europe than to B. leucomelas found in southern China and
Taiwan. Projections and notches occur along the posterior margin of each
ear, and a small lobe (vaulted process) protrudes from the middle outer
edge of each pinna. The skull and body size of the new species are
larger than in B. leucomelas. Echolocation calls were of 2 types, a
brief frequency-modulated call that was alternated with longer calls
with a convex frequency–time course. The calls were very similar to
those of B. barbastellus recorded in Europe, although they may be
slightly lower in frequency. Molecular phylogenies were reconstructed
from cytochrome-b (Cytb) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene sequences. Cladograms of ND1
indicated that barbastelles from the Beijing area form a monophyletic
group, which is the sister to B. leucomelas from Egypt. The clade
including the new species and Egyptian barbastelle clusters with B.
barbastellus, but not with B. leucomelas from Sichuan, Taiwan, and
Japan. The genetic distances (corrected Kimura 2-parameter) between
Barbastella sp. nov. and most bats from other localities (including all
B. barbastellus) were 14.31–17.69% at the ND1 gene and 15.01–17.36% at
the Cytb gene. However, ND1 divergence is 12.79% between Barbastella sp.
nov. and B. leucomelas from Egypt. All these results support the
hypothesis that the barbastelle from Beijing is a new species.
Additionally, because Egypt is the type locality of B. leucomelas, the
paraphyletic nature of B. leucomelas suggests that barbastelles from
Sichuan, Taiwan, and Japan—which are currently classified as B.
leucomelas darjelingensis—should not be considered conspecific with B.
leucomelas.
Miller, Jacqueline R. and Mark D. Engstrom. 2007. Vocal Stereotypy and
singing behavior in baiomyine mice. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(6):1447-1465.
ABSTRACT: We examined spectral features that characterize the highly
stereotyped, repetitive vocalizations of New World baiomyine rodents.
Although stereotyped vocal signaling, described as ‘‘song,’’ has been
documented in Scotinomys (singing or brown mice), its occurrence was
unknown in the sister taxon Baiomys (pygmy mice). We also recorded
vocalizations of females, about which little information was previously
available. Although examination of morphological and molecular data
supports a close relationship between the 2 baiomyine genera, we
identified song as a complex behavior that further underpins the
monophyly of the Baiomyini. Both spectral and temporal features render
these songs highly localizable, a characteristic of possible utility for
courtship and other social behavior. The song of Baiomys is confined
entirely to the ultrasonic spectrum, unlike that of Scotinomys, which
uses a broader range of frequencies. The intensity, identity, and
predictability of vocalization suggest that these songs are purposeful
and carry information important for species identification.
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